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Throughout the entirety of history women have had an impact on culture, societal change, and political movements. This includes involvement in various wars as well as feminism and the rights of minorites. Browse the tabs below to learn about many important topics in women’s history.

Advertising and Communication

A list of articles related to New Jersey women and advertising and communication.

A Promotional Poster
A promotional poster advertising a performance by Ruth St. Denis (1879-1968), innovative dancer and choreographer.

To Be Sold
A 1797 advertisement from a Trenton newspaper offers a slave woman for sale.

African Americans and Segregation

A variety of articles related to African American Women and segregation.

Domestic Science Class
The New Jersey State Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth, was an important institution for the education of young African American women in science.

Equity in Educational Programs
Equity in Educational Programs document spells out the requirements for school compliance with state laws on equality in education regardless of sex, race, color, creed, religion, ancestry, national origin, or social or economic status.

New Jersey Organization of Teachers
The New Jersey Organization of Teachers, were not racially integrated until the 1950s.

New Jersey Wage Discrimination Act
The New Jersey Anti-Wage Discrimination Act, was New Jersey’s first equal pay act, 1952.

NJ State Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs
A War-time Address to the 3rd Annual Convention of the NJ State Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs, which noted some of the organization’s activities since its founding in 1915.

Racially Integrated Classroom
School segregation in New Jersey was outlawed in 1947 under Article I of the newly ratified New Jersey Constitution.

Street Sign Honoring Jazz singer, Sarah Vaughan
Sarah Vaughan, became a world famous jazz singer and pianist.

The Little Wanderer
“The Little Wanderer” poem is one of fifteen extant poems by Esther Saunders, a free African American woman living in Salem County in the first half of the 19th century.

Agriculture

A variety of articles on agricultural work

Buying Victory Garden Seed
The growing and canning of food on the home front reached a peak in 1943. 

Child Labor
In 1927, the Consumers’ League of New Jersey sponsored a bill to prohibit the employment of children while school was in session.

Cranberry Bog
A newspaper illustration from the popular Harper’s Weekly of 1878 shows women, men and children laboring at cranberry harvesting.

Strawberry Fields
An 1869 newspaper engraving shows women, children, and men at work picking strawberries for William Parry of Cinnaminson.

 

Arts and Culture

A variety of articles related to the influence of women from New Jersey on the art and culture.

American Abstract Painter
Suzy Frelinghuysen was an American abstract artist, and joined the American Abstract Artists organization along Seth her husband. 

A mural, Unity, created by Violet Oakley
Violet Oakley, an important American muralist created the “Unity” frieze, which decorates the Senate chamber of the Pennsylvania State Capitol and expresses her vision of a peaceful world.

A Petition by Rachel Lovell Wells
A Petition by Rachel Lovell Wells, a Bordentown sculptor, to the Continental Congress for relief after the Revolutionary War.

A Promotional Poster
A promotional poster advertising a performance by Ruth St. Denis (1879-1968), innovative dancer and choreographer.

Carrie Cook Sanborn
Carrie Cook Sanborn, a late nineteenth century Quaker artist, was head of the Cedars Art Colony, Point Pleasant Beach, New Jersey.

Displaced
“Displaced,” a bronze sculpture by Dorothea Greenbaum, which depicts a tragic human figure emerging from the background and expresses the artist’s concerns about world peace and her love of humanity.

Engraving, Washington’s Reception
An engraving of Washington’s Reception on the Bridge at Trenton in 1789 on his way to be Inaugurated 1st President of the U.S.

Lenape Pottery Making
Lenape Pottery Making, ca. 1000 to 1650, a modern drawing depicting Lenape women making pottery.

Lily Martin Spencer
Lily Martin Spencer (1822-1902) painting, “War Spirit at Home,” one of the most popular paintings of the mid-19th century.

Oil portrait of Jannetje Drummond
Oil portrait of Jannetje Drummond, a daughter of prosperous Dutch farmers in Bergen County, who was a Loyalist during the Revolutionary War.

Painting of a Scrubwomen by Baroness Hyde de Neuville
Baroness Hyde de Neuville, often depicted scenes of Native American life, as well as pictures of African Americans in her painting. One painting in particular was a painting of a scrubwoman.

Portrait of the Artist Bernarda Bryson Shahn
Portrait of the artist Bernarda Bryson Shahn in her studio, at the age of 99.

Queensborough Bridge
 “Queensborough Bridge”, a painting by Elsie Driggs, the only woman artist to participate in the Precisionist movement in American art.

Street Sign Honoring Jazz singer, Sarah Vaughan
Sarah Vaughan, became a world famous jazz singer and pianist.

The Lincoln Children
The Lincoln Children, a portrait painted by Susan Waters.

The Little Wanderer
“The Little Wanderer” poem is one of fifteen extant poems by Esther Saunders, a free African American woman living in Salem County in the first half of the 19th century.

Wax Model Portrait of William Pitt, Earl of Chatham
Patience Lovell Wright, created wax sculptures, such as the wax model portrait of William Pitt. She also supposedly concealed secret messages in her sculptures to the Americans during the revolutionary War.

Civil Rights

A list of resources related to New Jersey women and civil rights.

Schultz v. Wheaton Glass Company
In 1970, Schultz v. Wheaton Glass Co. determined that a job that is “substantially equal” in terms of tasks, but not necessarily in the job description or title, is protected by the Equal Pay Act of 1963.

Civil War and Reconstruction

A list of articles related to the Civil War and Reconstruction.

“War Spirit at Home,” Painted by Lilly Martin Spencer, 1866
Lily Martin Spencer (1822-1902) painting, “War Spirit at Home,” one of the most popular paintings of the mid-19th century.

Colonial Era

A list of articles related to New Jersey women during the colonial era.

 

Education

A variety of articles related to the influence of New Jersey women on eduction.

Domestic Science Class
The New Jersey State Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth, was an important institution for the education of young African American women in science.

Equity in Educational Programs
Equity in Educational Programs document spells out the requirements for school compliance with state laws on equality in education regardless of sex, race, color, creed, religion, ancestry, national origin, or social or economic status.

New Jersey Organization of Teachers
The New Jersey Organization of Teachers, were not racially integrated until the 1950s.

Racially Integrated Classroom
School segregation in New Jersey was outlawed in 1947 under Article I of the newly ratified New Jersey Constitution.

Whittier House Cooking Class
Whittier House, a Jersey City social settlement established in 1894 by Cornelia Foster Bradford, provided a variety of services to improve the lives of immigrants and the poor.

Equal Rights

A variety of articles related to the history of equal rights for New Jersey’s women.

Alice Paul at National Woman’s Party
Alice Paul founded the National Women’s  Party in 1914. She worked for women’s rights internationally and focused on the equality right Amendment as well.

Equity in Educational Programs
Equity in Educational Programs document spells out the requirements for school compliance with state laws on equality in education regardless of sex, race, color, creed, religion, ancestry, national origin, or social or economic status.

NJ State Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs
A War-time Address to the 3rd Annual Convention of the NJ State Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs, which noted some of the organization’s activities since its founding in 1915.

Report of the Judiciary Committee
The Judiciary Committee of the New Jersey Assembly  1868 report denies the Stone and Blackwell petition for woman suffrage and property rights.

Schultz v. Wheaton Glass Company
In 1970, Schultz v. Wheaton Glass Co. determined that a job that is “substantially equal” in terms of tasks, but not necessarily in the job description or title, is protected by the Equal Pay Act of 1963.

Healthcare and Medicine

A variety of articles related to New Jersey women and healthcare and medicine.

Hannah Kinney’s Records of the Newark Female Charitable Society, 1803-1804
Hannah Kinney’s Records of the Newark Female Charitable Society, for the purpose of “devising some means for caring for the poor and distressed persons in the village.”

Labor and Working Condition

A variety of articles about women’s labor and working conditions.

Bill Haywood Remembers
Bill Haywood’s account on the 1913 Paterson Strike in which he comments on the women’s role in the strike.

Child Labor
In 1927, the Consumers’ League of New Jersey sponsored a bill to prohibit the employment of children while school was in session.

Elizabeth Flynn – the Paterson Strike of 1913
Elizabeth Hurley Flynn’s account of the 1913 Patterson silk strike at the women’s meetings.

Leonora M. Barry’s Report
An excerpt from the 1887 report of Lenora M. Barry, the national women’s organizer for the Knights of Labor, in which she describes her work in New Jersey inspecting the working conditions for women and girls.

New Jersey Wage Discrimination Act
The New Jersey Anti-Wage Discrimination Act, was New Jersey’s first equal pay act, 1952.

NJ State Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs
A War-time Address to the 3rd Annual Convention of the NJ State Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs, which noted some of the organization’s activities since its founding in 1915.

Whittier House Cooking Class
Whittier House, a Jersey City social settlement established in 1894 by Cornelia Foster Bradford, provided a variety of services to improve the lives of immigrants and the poor.

Law and Justice

A variety of articles on the influence of New Jersey women on law and justice.

How New Jersey Laws
A flyer that highlights the legal discrimination against women under state law.

Lucy Stone’s Protest of Taxation Without Representation
Description and transcription of Lucy Stone’s Protest of Taxation Without Representation.

Petition to the New Jersey Legislature
1868 petition submitted to the New Jersey Legislature by Lucy Stone and Antoinette Brown Blackwell. The petition asked for the enfranchisement of women and reforms in married women’s property rights

Report of the Assembly Committee
1857 Report of the Assembly Committee on Women’s Rights, responding to Harriet M. LaFetra, requesting the legal equality of women with men under New Jersey law; it also cites Biblical law as the authority for women’s subordinate position.

Schultz v. Wheaton Glass Company
In 1970, Schultz v. Wheaton Glass Co. determined that a job that is “substantially equal” in terms of tasks, but not necessarily in the job description or title, is protected by the Equal Pay Act of 1963.

The New Jersey Republican
Juliet Clannon Cushing, president of the Consumers’ League of New Jersey, is shown being congratulated by New Jersey Governor George S. Silzer after the signing of the Night Work bill.

Women Suffrage in New Jersey AAM
Lucy Stone’s Protest of Taxation Without Representation, an address delivered at a hearing before the New Jersey Legislature, March 6th, 1867.

Native People

A variety of articles related to New Jersey women and native people of New Jersey.

Lenape Pottery Making
Lenape Pottery Making, ca. 1000 to 1650, a modern drawing depicting Lenape women making pottery.

Politics

A variety of articles about the influence of New Jersey women in U.S and International politics.

Engraving, Washington’s Reception
An engraving of Washington’s Reception on the Bridge at Trenton in 1789 on his way to be Inaugurated 1st President of the U.S.

Lucy Stone’s Protest of Taxation Without Representation
Description and transcription of Lucy Stone’s Protest of Taxation Without Representation.

Religion

A variety of articles related to New Jersey women and religion.

Report of the Assembly Committee
1857 Report of the Assembly Committee on Women’s Rights, responding to Harriet M. LaFetra, requesting the legal equality of women with men under New Jersey law; it also cites Biblical law as the authority for women’s subordinate position.

Well, Boys, We Saved the Home
In New Jersey, Sarah Corson Downs led the New Jersey branch of the WCTU to greater membership and activities in favor of both temperance and suffrage. It was assumed that liquor interests had much to do with the defeat of the New Jersey woman suffrage referendum of 1915.

 

Revolutionary War

A variety of articles related to the Revolutionary War.

A Petition by Rachel Lovell Wells
A Petition by Rachel Lovell Wells, a Bordentown sculptor, to the Continental Congress for relief after the Revolutionary War.

Oil Portrait of Jannetje Drummond
Oil portrait of Jannetje Drummond, a daughter of prosperous Dutch farmers in Bergen County, who was a Loyalist during the Revolutionary War.

Wax Model Portrait of William Pitt, Earl of Chatham
Patience Lovell Wright, created wax sculptures, such as the wax model portrait of William Pitt. She also supposedly concealed secret messages in her sculptures to the Americans during the revolutionary War.

Slavery, Abolition, and Gradual Manumission in New Jersey

A variety of articles related to slavery, abolition, and the gradual manumission in New Jersey.

Acts of the Thirty-second General Assembly
The 1807 acts of the Thirty-second General Assembly of the State of New Jersey, limits voting to free, white, male citizens.

An Act to regulate
An Act to regulate the election of members of the legislative council and general assembly, sheriffs and coroners, in this State. This act allowed voting by women in 1797.

Abolition/Gradual Manumission
The description of the article. The description of the article.

Certificate of Abandonment
A description and transcription for a Certificate of Abandonment of Sarah, by slave owner Mary Boice who lets go of claim over Sarah under the Gradual Manumission Act of 1804.

Cranberry Bog
A newspaper illustration from the popular Harper’s Weekly of 1878 shows women, men and children laboring at cranberry harvesting.

Manumission of Abigal
A description and transcription of a manumission certificate for Abigail under the Gradual Manumission Act of 1804.

Painting of a scrubwomen by Baroness Hyde de Neuville
Baroness Hyde de Neuville, often depicted scenes of Native American life, as well as pictures of African Americans in her painting. One painting in particular was a painting of a scrubwoman.

The Little Wanderer
“The Little Wanderer” poem is one of fifteen extant poems by Esther Saunders, a free African American woman living in Salem County in the first half of the 19th century.

The Manumission of Ann and Rufus Johnson
A description and transcription of the manumission documents for Ann and Rufus Johnson and eventual manumission for their children.

To Be Sold
A 1797 advertisement from a Trenton newspaper offers a slave woman for sale.

Science and Technology

A variety of articles related to New Jersey women in science and technology.

Domestic Science Class
The New Jersey State Manual Training and Industrial School for Colored Youth, was an important institution for the education of young African American women in science.

Women Workers at the Edison Factory
Thomas Edison employed men and women to operate machinery that helped produce necesary items for the war effort and mass consumption after the conclusion of WWI.

Sports

A variety of articles related to New Jersey women in sports.

 

Voting

A variety of articles on women voting

Acts of the Thirty-second General Assembly
The 1807 acts of the Thirty-second General Assembly of the State of New Jersey, limits voting to free, white, male citizens.

An Act to Regulate
An Act to regulate the election of members of the legislative council and general assembly, sheriffs and coroners, in this State. This act allowed voting by women in 1797.

New Jersey League of Women Voters
An excerpt from the minutes of the New Jersey League of Women Voters first meeting which shows that many the NJLWV officers were former suffrage leaders, and indicates the issues with which the League was initially concerned.

Pioneer Suffragist Casts G. O. P. Ballot
An article from the Elizabeth Daily Journal describes Antoinette Brown Blackwell, a Unitarian minister, who was a founder of the New Jersey Woman Suffrage Association (NJWSA) in 1867  when she went to vote.

Table, “1915 Suffrage Referendum
The state legislature held a referendum on a woman suffrage amendment to the state constitution n 1915, when the proposed amendment was defeated by the male voters.

The Paterson Daily Press
The Paterson Daily Press reports on the New Jersey Senate, March 24,1869. According to the report the New Jersey Senate mocks the suffrage petition sent by the New Jersey Woman Suffrage Association.

Women's Rights and the Suffrage

A variety of articles related to New Jersey women and women’s rights and suffrage.

Alice Paul at National Woman’s Party
Alice Paul founded the National Women’s  Party in 1914. She worked for women’s rights internationally and focused on the equality right Amendment as well.

An Act to Regulate
An Act to regulate the election of members of the legislative council and general assembly, sheriffs and coroners, in this State. This act allowed voting by women in 1797.

Elizabeth Flynn – The Patterson Strike of 1913
Elizabeth Hurley Flynn’s account of the 1913 Patterson silk strike at the women’s meetings.

Women’s Suffrage Work during WWI
Julia Hurlbut of Morristown was active in the New Jersey branch of the National Women’s Party when it picketed the White House in 1917.

How New Jersey Laws
A flyer that highlights the legal discrimination against women under state law.

Invitation to Attend
A brief newspaper article from 1941, describes the efforts of the World Center to compile a list for the Newark Public Library of 100 famous New Jersey women.

Leonora M. Barry’s Report
An excerpt from the 1887 report of Lenora M. Barry, the national women’s organizer for the Knights of Labor, in which she describes her work in New Jersey inspecting the working conditions for women and girls.

Lucy Stone’s Protest of Taxation Without Representation
Description and transcription of Lucy Stone’s Protest of Taxation Without Representation.

New Jersey League of Women Voters
An excerpt from the minutes of the New Jersey League of Women Voters first meeting which shows that many the NJLWV officers were former suffrage leaders, and indicates the issues with which the League was initially concerned.

“Passing the Suffrage Torch”
During the 1915 campaign for a New Jersey constitutional woman suffrage amendment, New Jersey suffragists used a variety of publicity ploys to gain support for their cause; the Torch of Liberty being one of them.

Pioneer Suffragist Casts G. O. P. Ballot
An article from the Elizabeth Daily Journal describes Antoinette Brown Blackwell, a Unitarian minister, who was a founder of the New Jersey Woman Suffrage Association (NJWSA) in 1867  when she went to vote.

Petition to the New Jersey Legislature
1868 petition submitted to the New Jersey Legislature by Lucy Stone and Antoinette Brown Blackwell. The petition asked for the enfranchisement of women and reforms in married women’s property rights.

Portia Gage Tries to Vote in Vineland
Portia Gage describes her experience trying to vote in a municipal election in 1868.

Report of the Assembly Committee
1857 Report of the Assembly Committee on Women’s Rights, responding to Harriet M. LaFetra, requesting the legal equality of women with men under New Jersey law; it also cites Biblical law as the authority for women’s subordinate position.

Report of the Judiciary Committee
The Judiciary Committee of the New Jersey Assembly  1868 report denies the Stone and Blackwell petition for woman suffrage and property rights.

Schultz v. Wheaton Glass Company
In 1970, Schultz v. Wheaton Glass Co. determined that a job that is “substantially equal” in terms of tasks, but not necessarily in the job description or title, is protected by the Equal Pay Act of 1963.

Statement
Statement concerning the opposition of liquor interests to woman suffrage in New Jersey, Women’s Political Union.

Suffragist Mina C. Van Winkle
In 1908 Mina C. Van Winkle of Newark organized the Equality League for Self-Supporting Women of New Jersey, which changed to the Women’s Political Union of New Jersey in 1912.

Table, “1915 Suffrage Referendum
The state legislature held a referendum on a woman suffrage amendment to the state constitution n 1915, when the proposed amendment was defeated by the male voters.

The Founding Convention
A newspaper account for the resolutions of the first Founding Convention of New Jersey Woman Suffrage Association in 1867.

The New Jersey Republican
Juliet Clannon Cushing, president of the Consumers’ League of New Jersey, is shown being congratulated by New Jersey Governor George S. Silzer after the signing of the Night Work bill.

The Paterson Daily Press
The Paterson Daily Press reports on the New Jersey Senate, March 24,1869. According to the report the New Jersey Senate mocks the suffrage petition sent by the New Jersey Woman Suffrage Association.

Well, Boys, We Saved the Home
In New Jersey, Sarah Corson Downs led the New Jersey branch of the WCTU to greater membership and activities in favor of both temperance and suffrage. It was assumed that liquor interests had much to do with the defeat of the New Jersey woman suffrage referendum of 1915.

Women Suffrage in New Jersey AAM
Lucy Stone’s Protest of Taxation Without Representation, an address delivered at a hearing before the New Jersey Legislature, March 6th, 1867.

World War I

A variety of articles related to New Jersey women and World War I.

NJ State Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs
A War-time Address to the 3rd Annual Convention of the NJ State Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs, which noted some of the organization’s activities since its founding in 1915.

Women Workers at the Edison Factory
Thomas Edison employed men and women to operate machinery that helped produce necesary items for the war effort and mass consumption after the conclusion of WWI.

World War II

A variety of articles related to New Jersey women and World War II.

Potential Resources for Future Research

Websites- 

Featured topics. Smithsonian American Women’s History. (n.d.). https://womenshistory.si.edu/topics

Alice Paul Institute. (n.d.). https://www.alicepaul.org/ 

 

Books-

Booth Wayne C Gregory G Colomb Joseph M Williams Joseph Bizup and William T FitzGerald. 2016. The Craft of Research Fourth ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Brundage Anthony. 2018. Going to the Sources : A Guide to Historical Research and Writing (version Sixth edition) Sixth ed. Hoboken NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons.

Redman Samuel J. 2013. Historical Research in Archives: A Practical Guide. Washington D.C: American Historical Association.

Schrag Zachary M. 2021. The Princeton Guide to Historical Research. Princeton New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Turabian Kate L Wayne C Booth Gregory G Colomb Joseph M Williams Joseph Bizup and William T FitzGerald. 2020. A Manual for Writers of Research Papers Theses and Dissertations : Chicago Style for Students and Researchers 9Th edition / Spiral bound ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.